Geological History Of Pa Essays - Geology Of New Jersey, Free Essays

Geological History Of Pa Essays - Geology Of New Jersey, Free Essays Geological History Of Pa The earth is an ever-changing chunk of rock to put it at the lowest level of comprehension available. This rock that we call home is brewing with billions of life forms and is constantly changing every day. This can be attributed to the various cycles that are at work on this planet of our, from the hydrological system to the rock cycle the earth is an ever changing form. Pennsylvania is just a small part of this system we call our home. Formed millions of year ago by tectonic collisions and molten rock Pennsylvania is a part of the earth full of specially minerals and geological features that stand out as being come of the best in the world. What would our state be with out its coalmines and steel mills. Which of course are only possible through the unique geographic features of our state. The Pre-Achaean, Achaean and Proterozoic Eras. Geologists believe that Pennsylvania was formed by parts of the Laurentian continental crust block. This crust block is made up of many micro plates, which were accreted during the period from about 2.5 billion to 1.0 billion years ago. This was previously part of an even larger crustal block called Rodinia. Geologist believes that PA is full of rocks that were once part of this crustal block. These rocks are known as the Greenville rocks. Greenville rocks are metamorphic rocks composed mainly of gneiss. Some of these rocks are visible in Southeastern PA but most are buried deep within the surface of PA. The Cambrian and Ordovician Periods This is really the period that life started to develop in the state of Pennsylvania. Now how did life star in this state you may ask, well here is how. At the start of the Cambrian period water from the Ocean spread inland across North America. Pennsylvania got in the way of this and was covered with a shallow layer of water which created unique environments for both life as well as the opportunity of new deposition of sediment. This water cover also had a big part in eroding away water channels as well as leaving large deposits of sediment. During the late Ordovician era materials from the arc and the floor of the Ocean were thrust onto the North American plate. This phenomena was called Taconic orgogeny, this played an important part in the development of mountains in PA. This Taconic orogeny created the mountains that lay to the northeast of PA. The Taconic orogeny, which deposited many harmful types of sediment, also saw the end to many life forms due to this heavy disposition of harmful materials. The Silurian Period During this period the mountains that were formed by the Taconic orogeny were still a good source of sediments. PA was covered with clastic sediment form these mountains for the first half of this 25 million year period. Sand and gravel composed mainly of quartz were deposited by stream to the eastern parts of the state. There was also quartz sand carried further west and deposited on the beaches and shores. Even today some of this sediment can still be found along the linear ridges of the Appalachian Mountain section of the Ridge and Valley province. In the western part of the state more mud was deposited then anything and even further west was the disposition of carbonate. This was also the time when many rocks were being chemical weathered and creating large amounts of iron, which were later, mined throughout most of the 1800s. The mountains that were created by the Taconic Orogreny were eroded during this time and stopped becoming a source of clastic sediment. In the northwestern part of PA during this time a supersaturated basin had formed with limited circulation. Once this basin evaporated the area was left full of gypsum and halite. This was also a crucial period for life. It saw the first fish appear on the earth. The Devonian Period This period was a relatively slow time for PA until the end of it. This period saw more deposition of carbonate for a few million more years. It also saw the formation of the Acadian Mountains. These were formed just east of PA when there was a collision